{
  "type": "ranking",
  "url": "https://karelbusta.dev/data/sleep/countries-that-go-to-bed-latest",
  "title": "Which countries go to bed the latest?",
  "description": "Average weekday sleep onset in 35 countries from 54.8 million nights of Oura Ring data. Russia and Japan fall asleep after midnight, South Africa before 22:40.",
  "headline": "Oura Ring users in Russia fall asleep at 00:33 on weekdays, nearly two hours after South Africans (22:38).",
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "rankedBy": {
    "column": "sleep_onset_weekday_min",
    "order": "desc",
    "unit": null
  },
  "columns": [
    {
      "description": "Country of residence as named in the source.",
      "key": "country",
      "label": "Country",
      "type": "string"
    },
    {
      "description": "Global region as grouped in Table S1.",
      "key": "region",
      "label": "Region",
      "type": "string"
    },
    {
      "description": "Minutes relative to midnight, negative = before midnight (e.g. 23:30 = -30, 00:30 = 30). Exact conversion of the tabulated hh:mm:ss, rounded to 0.01 min.",
      "key": "sleep_onset_weekday_min",
      "label": "Sleep onset (weekday), minutes",
      "type": "number",
      "unit": "min"
    },
    {
      "description": "Mean weekday wake time, local clock, rounded to the minute (Table S2a, WTwd).",
      "key": "wake_weekday",
      "label": "Wake time (weekday)",
      "type": "string"
    },
    {
      "description": "TSTwd rounded to the minute.",
      "key": "sleep_weekday_display",
      "label": "Sleep (weekday), h m",
      "type": "string"
    },
    {
      "description": "Mean weekend sleep onset time, rounded to the minute (Table S2b, SOTwe).",
      "key": "sleep_onset_weekend",
      "label": "Sleep onset (weekend)",
      "type": "string"
    }
  ],
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "country": "Russia",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": 33.32,
      "wake_weekday": "08:12",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 56m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:59",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "country": "Japan",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": 27.83,
      "wake_weekday": "07:22",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 06m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:48",
      "region": "Asia"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "country": "Singapore",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": 12.78,
      "wake_weekday": "07:26",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 27m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:38",
      "region": "Asia"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "country": "India",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": 12.33,
      "wake_weekday": "07:25",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 25m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:33",
      "region": "Asia"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "country": "Hong Kong (China)",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": 11.48,
      "wake_weekday": "07:29",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 32m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:38",
      "region": "Asia"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "country": "Romania",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": 5.83,
      "wake_weekday": "07:39",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 50m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:31",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "country": "South Korea",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": 5.03,
      "wake_weekday": "07:10",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 19m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:26",
      "region": "Asia"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "country": "Portugal",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": 1.48,
      "wake_weekday": "07:39",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 51m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:25",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "country": "Greece",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": 0.03,
      "wake_weekday": "07:35",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 52m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:28",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "country": "Spain",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -0.93,
      "wake_weekday": "07:33",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 50m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:30",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "country": "UAE",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -2.77,
      "wake_weekday": "07:20",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 37m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:29",
      "region": "Middle East"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "country": "Estonia",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -3.02,
      "wake_weekday": "07:38",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 59m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:32",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "country": "Thailand",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -3.25,
      "wake_weekday": "07:18",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 36m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:16",
      "region": "Asia"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "country": "Italy",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -9.77,
      "wake_weekday": "07:18",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 46m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:13",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "country": "Norway",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -10.13,
      "wake_weekday": "07:24",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 51m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:28",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "country": "France",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -11.77,
      "wake_weekday": "07:27",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 54m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:12",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "country": "Poland",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -14.13,
      "wake_weekday": "07:21",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 53m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:18",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "country": "Ireland",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -20.77,
      "wake_weekday": "07:27",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "7h 00m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:13",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "country": "Belgium",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -22.63,
      "wake_weekday": "07:19",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 56m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:02",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "country": "Mexico",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -23.97,
      "wake_weekday": "07:08",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 46m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:12",
      "region": "North America"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -25.28,
      "wake_weekday": "07:21",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "7h 00m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:03",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "country": "Finland",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -27.42,
      "wake_weekday": "07:15",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "7h 02m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:10",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "country": "Germany",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -28.65,
      "wake_weekday": "07:08",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 53m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:04",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "country": "Switzerland",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -30.27,
      "wake_weekday": "07:03",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 52m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:00",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "country": "Czech Republic",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -30.8,
      "wake_weekday": "07:05",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 54m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "23:56",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 26,
      "country": "UK",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -32.67,
      "wake_weekday": "07:10",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 56m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "23:54",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 27,
      "country": "Sweden",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -34.1,
      "wake_weekday": "07:04",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 56m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:00",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 28,
      "country": "Austria",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -35.45,
      "wake_weekday": "07:04",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 55m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "23:54",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 29,
      "country": "Denmark",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -37.25,
      "wake_weekday": "07:03",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 54m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "00:04",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 30,
      "country": "Slovakia",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -39.37,
      "wake_weekday": "06:56",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 55m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "23:45",
      "region": "Europe"
    },
    {
      "rank": 31,
      "country": "Canada",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -39.5,
      "wake_weekday": "07:03",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 56m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "23:47",
      "region": "North America"
    },
    {
      "rank": 32,
      "country": "USA",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -52.22,
      "wake_weekday": "06:47",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 52m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "23:33",
      "region": "North America"
    },
    {
      "rank": 33,
      "country": "New Zealand",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -67.17,
      "wake_weekday": "06:43",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "7h 03m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "23:17",
      "region": "Oceania"
    },
    {
      "rank": 34,
      "country": "Australia",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -67.63,
      "wake_weekday": "06:38",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 58m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "23:18",
      "region": "Oceania"
    },
    {
      "rank": 35,
      "country": "South Africa",
      "sleep_onset_weekday_min": -82.3,
      "wake_weekday": "06:21",
      "sleep_weekday_display": "6h 54m",
      "sleep_onset_weekend": "22:58",
      "region": "Africa"
    }
  ],
  "dataset": {
    "title": "When the world falls asleep, wakes up, and how long it sleeps",
    "url": "https://karelbusta.dev/data/sleep/datasets/sleep-timing-by-country",
    "source": {
      "citation": "Willoughby AR, Alikhani I, Karsikas M, Chua XY, Chee MWL. Country differences in nocturnal sleep variability: Observations from a large-scale, long-term sleep wearable study. Sleep Medicine. 2023;110:155–165. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.08.010. Numbers taken from the CC BY 4.0 preprint, PsyArXiv doi:10.31234/osf.io/8ahsu (OSF file version 6, 2023-08-17), Supplementary Tables S1 and S2a–S2e.",
      "publisher": "PsyArXiv preprint (published in Sleep Medicine, Elsevier)",
      "sampleSize": "226,187 Oura Ring users in 35 countries, 54,769,523 nights (mean 242 nights per user)",
      "title": "Willoughby et al. (2023), Sleep Medicine",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8ahsu",
      "year": 2023
    }
  }
}